efUo kl/jt{gdf c:6|]lnofnfO{ klxnf] 6]:6
qmfO;rr{, -PPkmkL_
efUon] cfZro{hgs?kdf :j?k km]/]kl5 c:6|]lnofn] Go'lhNofG8lj?4sf] klxnf] 6]:6df cfOtaf/ ( ljs]6sf] ;xh ljho xft kf/]sf] 5.
z]g jfg{n] cfKM\gf] gf}nf] l:kgsf] hfb'nfO{ k|:t't ub}{ % ljs]6 lnPkl5 c:6|]lnofn] v]n ;lsg' Ps lbgcufl8 xtf]T;fxL alg;s]sf] Go'lhNofG8nfO{ x/fPsf] xf].
Go'lhNofG8sf] $ ;o ## /gsf] klxnf] Olg+u :sf]/nfO{ k5ofO/x]sf] c:6|]lnof Ps ;do @)!–^ sf] ;d:ofk"0f{ l:yltdf k'lu;s]sf] lyof]. t/ P8d lunlqm:6 / l;df]g sfl6hn] @ ;o !@ /gsf] ;fem]bf/L u/L 6f]nLnfO{ kmsf{pg' g} c:6|]lnofsf] ljhosf] cfwf/ aGof]. klxnf] Olg+usf] cfwf/df Go'lhNofG8n] ! /gsf] dfq cu|tf lnPsf] lyof].
t/ bf];|f] Olg+udf ljZjsLlt{dfgwf/L z]g jfg{n] #( /g vr]{/ % ljs]6 ln+bf Go'lhNofG8 ! ;o #! /gd} cncfp6 x'g k'Uof]. @( cf}+ kf+r 6]:6 ljs]6 lnPsf jfg{sf] of] % ;o &# cf}+ 6]:6 ljs]6 lyof]. ;ftj6f PnaL8An'sf] lg0f{o lbOPsf] ;f] v]ndf jfg{n] # j6f PnaL8An' cfKM\gf] gfddf kf/]sf lyP.
‘of] 7"nf] ljho xf], b'O{ lbg ;d:ofdf k/]/ klg xfdLn] ;xh lht kfof}+’– c:6|]lnog sKtfg l/sL kf]lG6+un] eg]. otf bf];|F] Olg+usf] c;kmntfsf nflu eg] Go'lhNofG8 sKtfg :6]kmg KM\n]ld+unfO{ s'g} dfkmL lyPg. ‘of] g/fd|F] Aofl6+usf] gd'gf xf]. dflyNnf] qmdn] cfwf/ gagfOlbg' / s]xL bafan] xfdLnfO{ k/fholt/ nUof]’– pgn] eg].
bf];|F] Olg+udf c:6|]lnofn] DofYo' x]8]gnfO{ dfq !% /gdf u'dfP klg ljho lbnfpg hl:6g Nof+u\u/n] cljlht &@ / l/sL kf]lG6+un] $& /g hf]8]sf lyP.
lagfljs]6 Iflt ( /gaf6 lbgsf] v]n k|f/De u/]sf] Go'lhNoFG8 ! ;o #! /g agfp+bf cncfp6 eO;s]sf] lyof].

:sf]/ af]8{
Go'lhNofG8 klxnf] Olg+u– $##
-xld; df;{n–!$^, qmfPu s'ld+u–&$, gyfg P:6n]–&$, Un]g Dofsu|fy ^, !!%, z]g jfg{ @, !!@_
c:6|]lnof klxnf] Olg+u– $#@
-P8d lunlqm:6–!@!, l;df]g sfl6r–!!*, l/sL kf]lG6+u–$^, 8flgon e]6\6f]/L–%^, !!)^_
Go'lhNofG8 bf];|f] Olg+u
qmfPu s'ld+u PnaL8An' lhn]:kL )&
:6]kmg KM\n]ld+u PnaL8An' Dofsu|fy !&
xld; df;{n af]N8 jfg{ @@
nf]p leG;]G6 PnaL8An' lhn]:kL )$
gyfg P:6n] af]N8 qmf:k|f]ljr @!
qmfPu Dofsldnfg Sof= sfl6r a= jfg{ )%
a|]g8f]g Dofss'n'd PnaL8An' lhn]:kL @$
8flgon e]6\6f]/L PnaL8An' jfg{ @#
h]= KM\o|f+slng g6cfp6 )%
Oofg cf]‘a|fOg PnaL8An' jfg{ ))
;L= dfl6{g PnaL8An' jfg{ ))
cltl/Qm M -gf]an–!, n]ujfO–!, jfO–!_ )#
s'n M -%) cf]e/df ;a} ljs]6 u'dfO{_ !#!
ljs]6 ktg M !–@), @–#), #–#$, $–&!, %–&*, ^–*&,
&–!@!, *–!@&, (–!#!, !)–!#!
aln+u M Dofsu|fy !&–&–!(–!, lhn]:kL !@–@–#*–#, qmf:k|f]ljr !)–#–##–!, jfg{ !$–@–#(–%
c:6|]lnof bf];|f] Olg+u
hl:6g Nof+u\u/ g6cfp6 &@
DofYy' x]8]g Sof= s'ld+u a= e]6\6f]/L !%
l/sL kf]lG6+u g6cfp6 $&
cltl/Qm M -gf]an–!_ )!
s'n M -#!=# cf]e/df ! ljs]6 gu'dfO{_ !#%
ljs]6 ktg M !–@%
aln+u M dfl6{g *–)–@&–), KM\o|f+slng %–!–@^–),
e]6\6f]/L !#=#–)–%%–!, cf]a|fOg %–)–@&–)

ql;t /]k|mL lk|m:s4f/f ;+Gof;
:6sxf]Nd, -PPkmkL_
RoflDkoG; lnucGtu{t utdlxgf gf}SofDkdf ;DkGg afl;{nf]gflj?4sf] DofrnfO{ lnP/ r]N;L ;dy{sx?n] Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbPkl5 l:jl8; /]k|mL PG8/; lk|m:sn] ;+Gof;sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\.
ut;ftf 3/]n' d}bfgdf ;DkGg bf];|f] n]udf $–@ sf] ljho xft kfb}{ clGtd !^ df k'Ug ;kmn eP klg r]N;L km]a|'c/L @# df gf}SofDkdf ePsf] klxnf] n]udf @–! n] xf/]sf] lyof] / ;f]xL k/fhokl5 r]N;Lsf ;dy{sx?n] lk|m:snfO{ 6]lnkmf]g, Od]n / lr6\7L k7fP/ lg/Gt/?kdf Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbPsf lyP.
‘v]n g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og’, l:jl8; km'6an ;+3sf] j]a;fO6dfkm{t ;+Gof;sf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ $@ jifL{o lk|m:sn] eg]– ‘d]/f nflu cfkm" / cfKM\gf] kl/jf/sf] ;'/IFf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f xf]. dnfO{ pgLx?n] kmf]g, Od]n / lr6\7Ldfkm{t y'k|} wDsL lyP. d]/f] kl/jf/ 7"nf] 5 / h] klg x'g ;S5. To;}n] d Psbd} 8/fPsf] 5', oxL sf/0fn] d km'6ansf] b'lgof+af6 6f9f hfg rfxG5'.’
ljZjs} zLif{ j/Lotfsf /]k|mLx?dWo] Ps dflgg] lk|m:sn] pQm Dofrsf] %^ cf}+ ldg]6df r]N;Lsf :6|fOs/ l8l8o/ /f]UafnfO{ bf];|f] kx]+nf] sf8{sf] bz{g u/fp+b} aflx/ lgsfn]sf lyP. ;f] ;dodf !–) sf] cu|tf lnP klg /f]Uaf aflxl/P/ !) hgfdf ;Lldt ePkl5 6f]nLn] nuftf/ b'O{ uf]n vf+b} klxnf] n]udf @–! sf] k/fho a]xf]/]sf] lyof].
/f]Uafn] afl;{nf]gfsf uf]nlsk/ leS6/ efN8];lj?4 v'6\6f w]/} dfly prfn]/ an xfGg] k|of; u/]sf] bfaL ub}{ lk|m:sn] pgnfO{ bf];|f] kx]+nf] sf8{ b]vfPsf lyP. hals /f]Uafn] eg] cfKM\gf] v'6\6fn] efN8];nfO{ g5f]Psf sf/0f sf8{ cgfjZos ePsf] k|ltlqmof lbPsf lyP.
/f]Uafn] bf];|f] kx]+nf] sf8{;+u} :jtM /ftf] sf8{ vfPsf] ljifodf r]N;L k|lzIfsn] cfqmfds k|ltlqmof lbg] qmddf afl;{nf]gf k|lzIfs k|mf+s l/hsf8{n] dWofGt/df lk|m:ssf] r]lGh+u ?ddf uP/ pgnfO{ k|efljt u/]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf lyP, h;sf sf/0f r]N;L ;dy{sx?sf] cfqmf]z emg} r'lnPsf] lyof].
‘d Pp6f cg'ejL /]k|mL x'+ / ;a}n] Pp6f s] s'/f a'em\g' h?/L 5 ls dh:tf] /]k|mLn] Dofrsf] bf}/fg s'g} klg k|lzIFsnfO{ cfKM\gf] r]lGh+u ?ddf cfpg lb+b}g’– lk|m:sn] ;kmfOdf eg]sf lyP.
lbg} kg]{ cj:yfdf lbPsf] bf];|f] kx]+nf] sf8{ / 3/]n' k|lzIfs l/hsf8{;+u Pp6f ldqsf] gftfn] xft ldnfPsf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ olt 7"nf] gf6s l;h{gf ePsf]df lk|m:sn] cfZro{ JoQm u/]sf 5g\.
utjif{ ;]K6]Da/df RoflDkoG; lnucGtu{t PP; /f]df / 8fOgfdf] lselj?4 Dofr v]nfp+bf klg lk|m:s ljjfbdf 3]l/Psf lyP. /f]dsf] cf]nlDks /+uzfnfdf o'qm]gL Sna lsen] !–) sf] cu|tf lnO/x]sf] cj:yfdf dWofGt/df cfkm"dfly bz{sbL3f{af6 cfqmd0f ePkl5 lk|m:sn] pQm Dofr :ylut u/]sf lyP. kl5 o'/f]k]nL km'6ansf] ;jf]{Rr lgsfo o'OPkmPn] ;hfo:j?k /f]dfnfO{ pQm Dofrdf #–) sf] k/fho ef]ufp+b} b'O{ 3/]n' Dofr vfnL /+uzfnfdf v]Ng lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof].
! ;o #@ cGt/f{li6|o Dofr v]nfPsf lk|m:sn] !((^, @))) / @))$ df u/L tLg o'/f]lkog RoflDkogl;k kmfOgnsf cnfjf @))@ sf] ljZjsk kmfOgn v]nfPsf lyP. o;sf cnfjf pgn] @ ;o !$ l:jl8; klxnf] bhf{sf] Dofr klg v]nfPsf 5g\.

ANofsag{ / Dofgr]:6/ ;]ldkmfOgndf
nG8g, -PPkmkL_
kfpn l8sf]en] ;do ;lsg ;ft ldg]6 af+sL /x+bf u/]sf] k]gfN6L uf]ndf lnr]:6/ l;6LnfO{ uP/flt !–) n] x/fp+b} ANofsag{ /f]e;{ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] Sna k|ltof]lutf PkmP sksf] ;]ldkmfOgndf k|j]z u/]sf] 5.
lnr]:6/ /Ifs 8f/]g s]G6gn] ANofsag{sf df]6]{g ufd:6 d]8/;gnfO{ n8fPafkt k|fKt k]gfN6LnfO{ l8sf]en] uf]ndf kl/0ft u/]kl5 RoflDkogl;ksf] Ps dfq 6f]nLsf ?kdf k|ltof]lutfdf l6ls/xg] lnr]:6/sf] cfzf t'lxPsf] lyof].
o;}aLr dWo;ftfdf P;L ldnfg;+u k/flht eP/ RoflDkoG; lnuaf6 aflxl/gfsf] kL8fdf ;fGTjgf k|bfg ub}{ zlgaf/ /flt ;]G6 d]l/hdf ;fpyXofDk6gnfO{ $–) sf] PstkmL{ glthfdf k/flht u/L Dofgr]:6/ o'gfO6]8 PkmP sksf] ;]ldkmfOgn k|j]z u/]sf] 5.
klxnf] xfkmsf] OGh'/L ;dodf kf]r'{ufnL lj•/ lqml:6ofgf] /f]gfN8f]n] uf]n ub}{ ;/ Pn]S; km]?U;gsf] 6f]nLnfO{ dWofGt/cl3 @–) sf] cu|tf lbnfpg'cl3 v]n z'? ePsf] t];|f] ldg]6d} sKtfg /f]P lsgn] uf]n ul/;s]sf lyP.
ljkIfLsf] d}bfgdf ;d]t lgs} k|efjzfnL ?kdf k|:t't ePsf] Dofgr]:6/sf nflu af+sL b'O{ uf]n PSn} ug]{ qmddf O+u\NofG8 ld8lkmN8/ kfpn :sf]N;n] bf];|f] xfkmsf] t];|f] ldg]6df klxnf] uf]n u/] eg] ;do ;lsg tLg ldg]6 af+sL /x+bf bf];|f] uf]n u/].
l8km]lG8+u RoflDkog Dofgr]:6/n] lk|ldo/l;kdf pkflw lhTg] emLgf] cfzfsf afjh'b PkmP skaf6 /fxt kfpg] ;DefJotf hLljt eP klg ;fpyXofDk6gsf] xsdf eg] o; k/fhokl5 af+sL l;hg lk|ldo/l;kdf /]lnu];gaf6 aRg] ;+3if{d} ;Lldt /xg]5.
lk|ldo/l;kdf zLif{ :yfgdf /x]sf] r]N;LeGbf * c+sn] k5fl8 kb}{ bf];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf] Dofgr]:6/n] of] l;hgdf ;f+RrLs} lhTg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] Ps dfq k|ltof]lutf PkmP sk xf].
Dofgr]:6/n] dWo;ftfdf P;L ldnfg;+u !–) sf] k/fho ef]Ub} RoflDkoG; lnuaf6 aflxl/Psf] v]nsf] bf}/fg d'vdf rf]6 af]s]sf :6f/ j]N; lj•/ /fog luU;sf] :yfgdf blIf0f clk|msL lj•/ lSjG6g kmr'{gnfO{ k|of]u u/]sf] lyof].
‘xfdLn] ;xeflutf hgfpg] rf/j6} pkflw lhTg] nIosf ;fy l;hgsf] z'?cft u/]sf lyof}+, t/ lnu sk / RoflDkoG; lnu xfd|f] xftaf6 cf}krfl/s ?kd} u'ld;s]sf 5g\\\. lk|ldo/l;ksf] cfzf klg sl7g df]8df k'u]/ a;]sf] a]nf of] ljhon] xfdLdf pT;fxsf] ;~rf/ u/fPsf] 5’, Dofgr]:6/ k|lzIfs ;/ Pn]S; km]?U;gn] eg]– ‘cfh jf:tjd} s]6fx?n] lgs} pRr:t/Lo k|bz{g u/]. af+sL l;hgdf klg d s]6fx?af6 oxL k|bz{gsf] ck]Iff ub{5'.’

blIf0f clk|msfnfO{ Olg+usf] ljho
;]Gr'l/og, -PPkmkL_. blIf0f clk|msfn] lhDafj]lj?4sf] bf];|f] 6]:6 ! Olg+u ^@ /gn] lht]sf] 5. ;]Gr'l/og kfs{df cfOtaf/ v]nsf] t];|f] lbgdf lhDafj]nfO{ ! ;o $( /gdf cncfp6 u/]kl5 3/]n' 6f]nLn] ljho kfPsf] lyof].
klxnf] Olg+udf lhDafj]nfO{ @ ;o ^( /gdf ;Lldt u/]sf] blIf0f clk|msfn] lxhf] #*)–^ sf] l:yltaf6 lbgsf] v]n z'? ub}{ $*)–& df Olg+u ;dflKtsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof]. P= lk|G;sf] cljlht ! ;o #( /g / lgSsL af]Psf] *@ /gn] 6f]nL 7"nf] :sf]/lt/ nDs]sf] lyof].
bf];|f] Olg+udf Aofl6+u ug{ cfPsf] lhDafj]lj?4 hf]G8]sL PSn}n] ^ ljs]6 lnPkl5 ko{6s 6f]nL ! ;o $( /gd} cncfp6 x'g k'Uof]. df;fsf8\hfn] $& /gsf] :sf]/ hf]8\g' g} lhDafj]sf] 7"nf] :sf]/ lyof].

afl;{nf]gfnfO{ xNsf dnd
d]l8|8, -PPkmkL_
afl;{nf]gfn] dWo;ftfdf RoflDkoG; lnuaf6 aflxl/gfsf] lg/fzf kG5fpg] qmddf zlgaf/ /flt Pyn]l6s lanafpnfO{ @–) n] x/fp+b} :k]lg; lnudf cfKM\gf] zLif{tf !! c+sn] km/flsnf] kf/]sf] 5.
l8sf] / n'8f]les lhpnLn] klxnf] xfkmdf u/]sf] uf]ndf afl;{nf]gf tLg c+s a6'Nb} :k]lg; lnudf uf}/j sfod /flv/xg ;kmn eof]. dWo;ftfdf O+u\ln; lk|ldo/l;k ln8/ r]N;L;+u k/fho ef]u]kl5 afl;{nf]gf RoflDkoG; lnusf] Sjf6{/kmfOgn k|j]zaf6 jl~rt ePsf] lyof].
‘xfdLn] klxnf] sl7gfO kf/ u/]sf 5f}+’, afl;{nf]gf k|lzIfs k|mf+s l/hsf8{n] eg]– ‘of] xfd|f nflu clt dxQ\jk"0f{ v]n lyof]. r]N;L;+u xf/]kl5 xfdL v'a} lg/fz ePsf lyof}+, t/ cfh /f]gflN8Gxf] / l8sf]n] w}o{tfk"0f{ v]n v]n].’
l8sf]n] @)cf}+ ldg]6df @) of8{af6 bfof+ v'6\6fn] s8f k|xf/df uf]nsf] vftf vf]n]sf lyP. tyflk l8sf]sf] k|xf/ Pyn]l6s /Ifs n'O; lk|6f]sf] v'6\6fdf nfu]/ uf]ndf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof], h;df k|mfG;]nL :6f/ lhpnLn] #(cf}+ ldg]6df bf];|f] uf]n ub}{ tLg c+s kSsf u/].
o; ljhokl5 @* v]nsf] ;dflKtdf afl;{nf]gf ^% c+ssf ;fy bf];|f] :yfgsf] lr/k|lt4G4L l/Pn d]l8|8eGbf !! c+sn] dfly 5. tyflk l/Pnn] Ps v]n sd v]n]sf] 5.
o;} u/L zlgaf/} ;DkGg csf]{ v]ndf dfnfufnfO{ @–! n] k/flht ub}{ l/Pn a]l6;n] cfufdL l;hg o'/f]kdf v]Ng] cfzf sfod /fv]sf] 5. o; glthfkl5 $% c+ssf ;fy a]l6; c+stflnsfsf] rf}yf] :yfgdf plSnPsf] 5.
rf}yf] ldg]6df h'jflg6f] u'l6/]hn] uf]n ub}{ lbnfPsf] a]l6;sf] cu|tfdf !# ldg]6kl5 O8'n] uf]n yk]sf lyP. hxf+ @^cf}+ ldg]6df dfnfufsf nflu a|flhnL :6|fOs/ kmgf{G8f] afOgf]n] Ps ;fGTjgf uf]n kmsf{Psf lyP.

;Gtf]if / ld:nf] pTs[i6
df]/+u, -g];_
kz'klt 6LPd6L 6af]{Sj]Gr l:6n af/sf] cfof]hgf / lhNnf 6]lSgsn s/ft] sld6L tyf kf]vl/of 8f]hf]sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf df]/+u lhNnf:t/Lo l;t]l/of] s/ft] k|ltof]lutf zlgaf/ lj/f6gu/df ;DkGg eof].
s'n ! ;o %) k'?if tyf dlxnf v]nf8Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] k|ltof]lutfsf] pTs[i6 k'?if v]nf8L ;Gtf]if cfrfo{, pTs[i6 dlxnf v]nf8L ld:nf] >]i7 / pbLodfg v]nf8L ;'bLk lg/f}nf 3f]lift eP.
k|ltof]lutfsf] k'?iftkm{ @) s]hLdf ;'bLk lg/f}nf, @% s]hLdf ab|L lg/f}nf, #) s]hLdf ;'ne l/hfn, #% s]hLdf clgn d'l8of/L, $) s]hLdf nng ofbj, $% s]hLdf ljho jfUn], %) s]hLdf ;Gtf]if cfrfo{, %% s]hLdf cg'h k/fh'nL, ^) s]hLdf ;'/h ofbj / ^% s]hLdf l;l4sL tfh aAa/ k|yd eP. To:t} dlxnftkm{ @% s]hLdf ld:nf] >]i7, #) s]hLdf k|ld;f lu/L, #% s]hLdf sljtf zfx, $) s]hLdf Oz' >]i7, $% s]hLdf Crf rf}w/L / %) s]hLdf k'ikf /fO{ k|yd :yfg xfl;n ub{} ljhoL eP.
ljhoL v]nf8Lx?nfO{ k|lhc of]u/fh kf}8]n, / kz'klt 6LPd6Lsf Joj:yfks ;'jflzif 3f]ifn] kbs / k|df0fkqx? ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof]. k|ltof]lutfsf lg0ff{os dx]zs'df/ >]i7, ;f]let k|;fO+{, ljgf]bs'df/ /fptnufot /x]sf lyP.
jl/i7 s/ft] k|lzIfs dx]zs'df/ >]i7sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ;df/f]xdf ch'{g e6\6/fO{, efg' ofbj, ljgf]bs'df/ /fptnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof].

v]n ;+If]k
bf}8df ;Gts'df/ ljhoL
latf{df]8, -g];_. sgsfO{ kmfpG8];gsf] cfof]hgfdf latf{df]8df Dof/fy'g bf}8 k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg eof]. sgsfO{ O+u\ln; cfjf;Lo dfljsf] /ht dxf]T;jsf] cj;/df cfof]lht % lsdL bf}8 k|ltof]lutfdf ljleGg ^ ;d"xn] efu lnPsf lyP. SofDk; / dfljsf ;xefuLdWo] 5fqtkm{ ;Gts'df/ ;'Aaf, lbns'df/ kfDkm' / 5ljnfn clwsf/L k|yd, l4tLo / t[tLo eP.
ljBfnosf ‘s’ ;d"xaf6 sflhdfg u'?+u, /fhs'df/ k'/L, clgn yfkf / 5fqftkm{ nIdL lzjfsf]6L, ;d'gf ;'Aaf / /f]zgL e08f/L qmdzM ljhoL eP. ‘v’ ;d"xaf6 cld/ e6\6/fO{, ;Gtf]if ;'Aaf, gjLg sfsL{ 5fqtkm{ / 5fqftkm{sf dLgf a:g]t, rGb|snf rf}xfg / /Ltf /fhj+zL k|yd, l4tLo / t[tLo eP.
ljh]tf wfjsx?nfO{ k|d'v cltly lzIff;]jL bftf/fd zdf{ vgfn, kmfpG8];gsf cWoIf hogf/fo0f 9'+ufgf / ;xfos SofDk;k|d'v s]zj bfxfnn] z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf] lyof].
uf]vf{ AjfOhnfO{ b]j :d[lt 6|kmL
a'6jn, -g];_. b]j :d[lt c~rn 6|kmL km'6an k|ltof]lutfsf] pkflw cfof]hs uf]vf{ AjfOh :kf]6\{; Sna a'6jnn] lht]sf] 5. kfNkf !! tfg;]g / cfof]hs uf]vf{ AjfOhaLr ePsf] kmfOgn le8Gtdf z"Gosf lj?4 b'O{ uf]n u/L cfof]hs Snan] lzN8 / gub !& xhf/ lht]sf] 5.
k|ltof]lutfcjlwd} ;jf{lws uf]n ug{ ;kmn uf]vf{ AjfOhsf ;f]d nfdf / lxdfn yfkfsf] Ps, Ps uf]nsf] of]ubfg g} pkflwsf nflu lg0ff{os aGof]. cfof]hsn] ‘P’ l8lehgn] dxfjL/af6 v]Ng] v]nf8L ptf/]sf] lyof]. dWofGt/kl5sf] !) cf}+ ldg]6df avfg yfkfn] lbPsf] kf;nfO{ ;f]d nfdfn] ;b'kof]u ub}{ klxnf] uf]n u/]sf lyP.
#) cf}+ ldg]6df ;'/h PGhnn] sg{/ Pl/ofaf6 u/]sf] k|xf/ kf]:6sf] glhsaf6 aflxl/g k'u]kl5 kfNkfsf] uf]n ug]{ cfzf lg/fzfdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof]. clGtd ldg]6df lxdfn yfkfn] uf]n u/L l6dnfO{ ljhoL agfPsf lyP.
lhNnf km'6an ;+3sf cWoIf xl/ >]i7 / :j= b]j dNnsL lbbL dfof yfkfn] ljh]tf / pkljh]tfnfO{ gub tyf lzN8 ;+o'Qm?kdf k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof]. v]ncjlwsf] pTs[i6 v]nf8L kfNkf–!! sf s[i0f ;f?, pTs[i6 uf]n/IFs kfNkfs} /fh]Gb|dfg zfSo, ;jf{lws uf]nstf{ cfof]hssf ;f]d nfdf ePsf lyP.
cGt/:s'n a'bf]s}bf] ;DkGg
sf7df8f}+, -g];_. cfsfz a'bf]s}bf] Sna / /fli6|o Pstf kl/ifb\n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGt/ljBfno a'bf]s}bf] km'n sG6ofS6 s/ft] k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg eof].
>L % a8fdxf/fgL sf]dnsf] %% cf}+ z'ehGdf]T;jsf] cj;/df cfof]lht k|ltof]lutfsf] @% s]hL tf}ndf df};d s];Ln] ;'dg /fO{nfO{ x/fP/ k|yd eP eg] ;'dg c:tfdL / cd[t /fO{ t[tLo eP. #) s]hLdf ljs]s tfdf+u k|yd;lxt pTs[i6 v]nf8L ag]sf lyP. %) s]hL tf}ndf ljho :dfOnL yfkfn] gjLg >]i7dfly ljho kfp+b} k|yd eP. ptf dlxnf v'nfdf l/gf dxh{g k|yd, /ljgf v8\uL l4tLo tyf lbgf dxh{g / zld{nf dxh{g t[tLo ePsf lyP.
ljhoL v]nf8Lx?nfO{ Pstf kl/ifb\sf ;+of]hs tyf Snasf ;+/Ifs lgIFzdz]/ ha/fn] k'/:s[t ug'{eof]. k|ltfo]lutfbf}/fgdf a'bf]s}bf]sf hGdbftf ;fu/dfg >]i7, pgsL cfdf zf/bfb]jL >]i7 / a'bf]s}bf]sf cWoIF ljZj;fu/ >]i7nfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof].

nk' pkdxfgu/kflnsf ;]ldkmfOgndf
dWodf~rn
dxf]Q/L
tgfjk"0f{ v]naf6 3/]n' 6f]nL hgsk'/ gu/kflnsfnfO{ kG5fp+b} nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf dWodf~rn If]qLo gu/kflnsf km'6an 5gf]6sf] ;]ldkmfOgndf k|j]z u/]sf] 5.
hn]Zj/ /+uzfnfdf cfOtaf/ ePsf] ;f] v]ndf nlntk'/n] hgsk'/nfO{
#–! n] x/fPsf] lyof]. ^! cf}+ ldg]6df v]n emu8fdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof]. nlntk'/sf /fh' nfdf / hgsk'/sf ;dL/ lu/LaLr xft xfnfxfnsf] l:ylt ag]kl5 v]nn] tgfjsf] df]8 lnPsf] xf]. v]n ;fDo kfg{ ;'/IffsdL{ g} nufpg'k/]sf] lyof]. emu8fsf gfos b'j}nfO{ /]k|mL uh]Gb|dfg l;+xn] /ftf] sf8{ lbPkl5 v]n rn]sf] lyof].
nlntk'/sf] ljhodf /fhLj dfgGw/n] #& cf}+ / /fhs'df/ l3l;+un] #* cf}+ tyf lz/Lif clwsf/Ln] &# cf}+ ldg]6df uf]n u/]sf lyP. hgsk'/sf] tkm{af6 clGtd ;dodf lht]Gb| l;+xn] ;fGTjgf uf]n u/]sf lyP.
ptf sn}of gkf -af/f_n] dn+ujf -;nf{xL_ lj?4 @–! sf] glthf lgsfNb} Sjf6{/kmfOgn ;'/lIFt u/]sf]] 5. b'j} uf]n dgf]h rf}w/Ln] u/]sf lyP. pgn] #) / *! cf}+ ldg]6df uf]n ub}{ sn}ofnfO{ clGtd cf7df k'/\ofPsf lyP. dn+ujfsf nflu lji0f' nfdfn] v]nsf] *# cf}+ ldg]6df u/]sf] uf]n ;fGTjgf aGof].
;f]daf/ e/tk'/lj?4 dWok'/ tyf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsflj?4 /Tgu/n] k|lt:kwf{ ub{} 5g\.

g/]zsf] Xofl6|sdf kf]v/fsf] lht
klZrdf~rn, tgx'+
g/]z s];L PSn}n] u/]sf] rf/ uf]n;+u} tLg} hgf clgn u'?+u hd]kl5 kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] /fdu|fd
-gjnk/f;L_ lj?4 (–@ sf] zfgbf/ ljho k|fKt u/]sf] lyof].
;b/d'sfd bdf}nLdf rln/x]sf] k"jf{~rnJofkL cGt/gu/kflnsf 5gf]6sf] cfOtaf/ kfPsf] ljho;+u} kf]v/f ;]ldkmfOgndf k|j]z u/]sf] 5. g/]zsf] rf/;+u} clgn u'?+u ‘P’, ‘aL’ / ‘;L’ n] !, ! uf]n u/]sf lyP. yk b'O{ uf]n rGb| u'?+u / lji0f' s];Ln] u/]. /fdu|fdsf cd/ k'gn] /ftf] sf8{ kfO{ d}bfg 5f8]kl5 6f]nL !) v]nf8Ldf /x]/ v]n]sf] lyof]. bafadf v]n]sf] /fdu|fdsf] tkm{af6 anaxfb'/ k'g / s[i0f >]i7n] !, ! uf]n u/]. ;f]daf/ a'6jn / n]vgfy gu/kflnsfaLr v]n x'g]5.

w/fg ljhoL
k"jf{~rn, pbok'/
cGt/gu/kflnsf km'6ansf] k"jf{~rn:t/Lo 5gf]6cGtu{t cfOtaf/ ePsf] v]ndf w/fg gu/kflnsf ljhoL ePsf] 5. w/fgn] wgs'6f gu/kflnsflj?4 #–) sf] ;kmntf kfof]. ;f]daf/ nxfg -l;/xf_ / Og?jf -;'g;/L_ aLr v]n x'g]5.